Dry Leaves as Sand Substitute for Blocks

Caraga State University Cabadbaran Campus Cabadbaran City Dry Leaves as Sand Substitute for Blocks Submitted by dime bag Rose Diola Jerzeld Villalon Lyka Lou Arogancia Natasha Anne Payot Adviser Prof. Nathalie Daminar Chapter 1 The Problem Background of the Study A leaf is a side(prenominal) photosynthetic appendage of the stem of a plant, commsolely broad, flat, thin and of a green color. Leaves (plural) ar the aliment factories of plants, the sites where most of the plants energy is produced 1. There are leaves that provide a protective helping when a plant is under attack.Leaves may also serve as a storage sites or help obtain food for a plant 2. For plants, as defense, leaves protect them from enemies such as animals, diseases, and environmental extremes through specific defense mechanism 3. The most important contributions leaves make to our planets ecosystem are through their processing of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen, though a waste product of photosynthesis is essent ial to plant, animal, and humans survival. As leaves break down carbon dioxide and release oxygen, they also help determine global clime patterns 4.On the other side, a block is a molded rectangular brick of clay or sand enwrap in a molder and hardened for long hours and used as a building and coat material. Bricks were often used for reasons of speed and economy 5. The researchers aimed to make ironic leaves into use not only by preserving it and use as decorations but by make it as one of the main component for concrete blocks. Also, to aloneow the RA 9003 or k right offn as Ecological Solid Waste Management be for implement. Objectives of the StudyThis find out primarily aims to make wry leaves as one of the main component in making concrete blocks to change magnitude dry leaves in the surroundings since some of us burned dry leaves which cut out our ecosystem by creating harmful gases through smoke. Since the depletion of the ozone layer is coming to its worst, the researchers find some way to control this bother and to have temporary solution that will lead to a permanent solution on how to lessen dry leaves without burning it or by causation some harm both to the planet and to the people.And to support the waste management campaign in the country. Signifi pottyce of the Study This study which aimed to find out if the dry leaves can be one of the main components in making blocks is significant to different sectors for various reasons * Serves as an eye-opener for those who have problems regarding on how to reduce dry leaves in their community/area. * Provides durable and economical product. * Helps in unconditional ecological waste. * Provide information to citizens with respect of continuous burning of dry leaves that destroys the planet or ca victimisation global warming. * Serve s motivating factor for home owners, construction workers and construction materials manufacturers to streng then their capabilities for growth blocks and othe r processes to maximize the use of dry leaves in the society. Furthermore, the outcome of the study will provide experimental information to policy makers in Ecological Solid Waste Management (RA 9003). Dry leaves are commonly burned down elsewhere and eventually produce hazardous gases in the air. Conducting this experiment does not only support RA 9003 but it also opens an avenue to develop technology in bricks in the community.Likewise, this provides all people an opportunity to enjoy living in a clear, clean and hazard-free environment. Scope and Limitation Creating dry leaves as one of the component for concrete blocks is the main concern of this research. This study is limited only in using dry leaves, cement, water and a little use of low-down stones and if the study is a success, it can be use in constructing buildings. Review of the Related Literature The oldest discovered blocks, originally made from shaped mud and dating to before 7500 B.C and were found atTell Aswad, Egypt. The first sun-dry blocks were made in Mesopotamia (what is now Iraq), in the ancient city ofUrin about 4000BC, although the arch used for drying the blocks was not actually found. different examples of civilizations that used mud brick include theancient Egyptiansand the Indus6. In Europe, blocks were often used for reasons of speed and economy, even in areas where stone was available. The buildings of the Industrial Revolution in Britain were largely constructed of block and timber due to the demand created 7.Inpre-modern China, brick-making or block-making was the job of a lowly and unskilled artisan, but a kiln master was respected as a step above the former 8. Bricks of concrete with sand aggregate can be made using a simple machine, and a basic assembly line method. A conveyor belt adds the miscellany to a machine, which pours a measured amount of concrete into a form. The form is vibrated to remove bubbles. The form is then raised to reveal the wet bricks, spaced out on a plywood sheet. A small elevator then stacks these palettes, after which a forklift operator moves them to the brickyard for drying.Definition of Terms carbon dioxide- a colorless, odorless incombustible gas somewhat heavier than air. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are absorbed by plants, which synthesize certain carbohydrates and release oxygen into the air. oxygen- odorless, colorless, tasteless, gaseous chemical element that occurs free in the atmosphere. photosynthesis- the employment of organic substances, chiefly sugars, from carbon dioxide and water occurring in green plant cells supplied with enough light to pass on chlorophyll to aid in the transformation of the radiant energy into a chemical form. zone layer- an atmospheric layer within the atmosphere absorbing ultraviolet radiation and preventing some heat loss from the earth. climate change- is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weatherpatterns over periods ranging f rom decades to millions of years. kiln- a furnace or oven for drying, burning or baking something as bricks, grain or pottery. Chapter 2 look for methodology Research Design The researchers will use experimental method wherein the study focuses on the acceptability of the express topic.Several data were gathered before coming up with a procedure. Research Instruments Materials used in the study * Brick molder * Cement * Dry Leaves * Water * Shovel Procedure 1. Pulverize the gathered dry leaves. 2. cockle the pulverized dry leaves, 3 cups cement and 2 cups water. 3. Using a shovel mix soundly then put in a block molder. 4. Shape mixed substance. 5. Wait for the block to dry. Research Locale The study was conducted at one of the researchers home in Brgy. 12, Cabadbaran City. The place is lie with with materials that are use in the study.