History of Ramayana

Ramayana is true, if you have read it you can easily make out that it just can't be a mere work of imagination. All the incidents, places and events seems natural. Nothing seems to be false. When britishers captured India some 150 yrs. ago, they rumoured it to be false and then some britishers who didn't had any firm Hindu background just declared it to be a myth. Conclusion: IT IS TRUE Religions Background of Ramayana Hindu religious literature is the large body of traditional narratives related to Hinduism, notably as contained in Sanskrit literature, such as the Sanskrit epics and the Puranas. As such, it is a subset of Indian culture. Role in Hinduism The Ramayana is extremely popular. India nearly shut down when a dramatized series of the Ramayana appeared on television in the 1980s. Recitation of the Ramayana earns great merit. Rama and Sita are seen as the ideal married couple. In North India, the Ramayana is acted out in the annual pageant Ram-Lila. It was a favourite subject of Rajasthani and Pahari painters of the 17th and 18th centuries. Gandhi called it the greatest book in the world. Tulsi Das, medieval author of the Hindi translation, said, â€Å"Whenever I remember Rama's name, the desert of my heart blooms lush and green.† Comparison between Iliad, & Ramayana -Ramayana A virtuous king named Rama is banished to the forest, where he has many adventures, and then he rescues his wife Sita from the evil king of Sri Lanka with the help of his friends. – -Homer’s The Iliad The gods of ancient Greece, most of whom were adopted by the ancient Romans, were generally described as human in form, unaging, nearly immune to all wounds and sickness, capable of becoming invisible, able to travel vast distances almost instantly, and able to speak through human beings with or without their knowledge. In Greek mythology, the gods were presented as a large, multi-generational family, the oldest members of which created the world as we know it. Each Greco-Roman divinity has his or her own specific appearance, genaeology, interests, personality, and area of expertise, subject to significant local variants. When the gods were called upon in poetry or prayer, they were referred to by a combination of their name and epithets, the latter serving to distinguish them from other gods. Theme of Ramayana The age-old battle between virtue and vice is the main theme of the Indian epic Ramayana. It is the life story and message of SreeRaaman, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu who took human form in this world to tame the wicked. This great literary and religious classic is a traditional mind cleanser even the touching of which is considered sacred. However, it is also a tale of the Aryan war race. In Indian history, the theme of Ramayana is the biography of king Sri Ramachandra is Called Ramayan. Ram is Sri Ramchandra and ayan means the story. The other theme of Ramayana is – â€Å"The good (Lord Rama) vanquishes the evil (Ravana)†. In India the festival, Dussehra is based on the central theme of Ramayana.

Moral/Ethical Implications of Euthanasia

Euthanasia refers to the act of removing support systems for the maintenance of life of a person suffering from a terminal or grave illness. Despite the negative arguments put forward against euthanasia, at least four ethical philosophies support the practice of euthanasia. Among these are utilitarianism, Kantianism, egoism, and emotivism. Each of these moral philosophies shall be discussed below to provide support to the practice of euthanasia. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is an indispensable word in the study of normative ethics, whether it is medical, legal, or other professional ethics (Merriam-Webster Online). Indeed, utilitarianism could provide sufficient arguments against or in favor of removing life support systems of one who appears to have no hope of recovery from an illness. Utilitarianism, the theory that could either save a life or relieve pain and suffering in the above situation, has been entered in the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary as â€Å"a doctrine that the useful is the good and that the determining consideration of right conduct should be the usefulness of its consequences; specifically: a theory that the aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number (Merriam-Webster Online).† Utilitarianism is anchored on the principle called the â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle,† which holds as morally right or ethical such actions that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number (Mill). John Stuart Mill explained the said principle in his work entitled Utilitarianism in 1863. He explained, thus: The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote    happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of   Ã‚   pleasure (Mill). Utilitarianism still exists at the present as a strong argument in favor of many ethical issues, such as the propriety of euthanasia. Applying utilitarianism to such a scenario, one could argue that removing the life support system would be in accordance with the â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle.† Euthanasia would be justified under this moral philosophy because it is an act that would remove pain from the patient who, on his own, could not continue living. The same conclusion would be had if the situation is observed from the viewpoint of the patient’s family and friends, whose suffering would not be needlessly prolonged by the sight of their ailing loved one. Kantianism Kantianism is an ethical philosophy put forward by 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant (The Categorical Imperative, 2001). Kant, in his writings, presented a criterion of moral obligation that is a break away from the traditional moral philosophies of his time. Whereas traditional moral philosophies prior to his time focused on good character traits and the consequence of actions, Kant formulated one supreme principle of morality, which he called the categorical imperative. (The Categorical Imperative, 2001). He belongs to the deontological tradition, which is believes in the ethical theory based on conformity to duty, rather than utility or practical bearing. It is thus clear that deontology is in direct opposition to utilitarianism or pragmatism. (Deontology, 2006). Kant’s ethical theory provides for the categorical imperative, which is the ‘supreme principle of Morality’ on which moral actions are based. The categorical imperative is characterized by objectivity, reason and freedom of choice (The Categorical Imperative, 2001). In describing this standard, Kant stated , â€Å"So act, that the rule on which thou actest would admit of being adopted as a law by all rational beings (Kant, 1886).† According to Kant, this standard is â€Å"the only possible standard of moral obligation (Kant, 1886).† Under the categorical imperative, subjective considerations like emotions have no place; rather, morality is determined through rational considerations of necessity and obligation (The Categorical Imperative, 2001). Kant realizes that human will could be influenced by positive and negative factors, but claims that the human will remains supreme. According to him, only rational considerations matter when deciding moral dilemmas (The Categorical Imperative, 2001). Applying Kant’s moral philosophy on euthanasia, it could be argued that stripped of emotional underpinnings, reason would dictate the rule that a person wholly supporting on extraneous factors be relieved of his suffering, when all facts show no hope of recovery. Given such a situation, the general rule of removing life support systems would be wholly supported by reason. Egoism Another ethical philosophy that could be used to justify euthanasia is egoism. This moral philosophy is grounded on the notion of â€Å"self-interest† or welfare (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2002). This means that a person desires to promote his own welfare or interest in all his actions (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2002). Thus, this philosophy works in direct contradiction to the principle of altruism, which tend to minimize the maximization of one’s self-interest (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2002). Egoism obviously supports the concept of euthanasia, both from the point of view of the ill persona nd his friends and family. On the part of the former, it would be for his interest to remove all his sufferings in favor of non-being. On the other hand, the latter would benefit from the alleviation of worries and the deduction of expenses related to the hospitalization and medical support of the former. Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics Finally, another ethical philosophy that could support euthanasia is the one posited by Aristotle in his work entitled Nicomachean Ethics (Kilcullen, 1996). In this work, Aristotle expounded on the notion called virtue, which is is the determinant of a person’s or a thing’s nature or character (Kilcullen, 1996). Similar to the philosophy of Kant, Aristotle gives primacy to the notion of reason in determining or attaching moral value to any act or thought (Kilcullen, 1996). Applying this philosophy to euthanasia, it could be argued that reason would support the removal of life support systems provided that the facts warrant the lack of hope for the recovery of   the patient, because reason would recognize the futility of keeping support systes when there is no chance of recovery. References Deontology. (2006). Tiscali Encyclopaedia. Retrieved December 1, 2006, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0023766.html Kant, I. (1886). The Metaphysics of Ethics. Kilcullen, R. J. (1996). Aristotle's Ethics: Essay. Retrieved April 22 2007, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.humanities.mq.edu.au/Ockham/y67s08.html Merriam-Webster Online. Utilitarianism. Retrieved April 26, 2007. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2002).   Egoism. Retrieved February 19, 2007, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/egoism/ The Categorical Imperative. (2001). The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   December 1, 2006, from http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/categorical-imperative.html ;

Floods in India and Its Control Essay

Countries irrigated by an adequate river system are in many ways blessed. These rivers not only help agriculture, but they provide a cheap and efficient transport system for the development of internal trade. The saying goes—land divides, seas unite. But waterways bring also a good deal of misery to the people by causing devastating seasonal floods In India, for example, the sub-Himalayan regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal and Assam are heavily flooded by the rivers of the Gengetic basin and the Brahmaputra, almost every rainy season. It brings untold sufferings to the people of these low-lying plains. Millions are rendered homeless; men and cattle die in large numbers; the damage to property including standing crops is incalculable. Besides, floods affect the health of the locality and increase the incidence of cholera, typhoid and other water-borne diseases. In 1922 and 1998 flood in North Bengal left a trail of devastation, essentially in Malda, Murshidabad areas. Floods are caused by an excessive flow of water in rivers during the rainy seasons, due mainly to torrential rain in catchment areas. This may be due to two natural causes. First, the melting of ice in glacier on the mountains may thus supply a river with volumes of water much in excess of its containing and carrying capacity. Secondly, heavy rains on the mountains cause an excess of water supply. In either case, the excess water overflows the embankments and submerges the low-lying plains. Bursting of dams and also Bridges in protective embankments lead to inundation. This causes large-scale deforestation. As for example, in the Terai regions during the war, floods destroyed the natural embankments of a river. Occasionally earthquakes, by changing the course of a river, or by raising its basin or choking and silting the riverbed cause flood Another contributory cause is the construction of railway bridges without leaving provision for the natural outflow of flood-water. Of course, floods in an agricultural country have often been looked upon as a blessing in disguise. Floods leave behind on the submerged areas a rich alluvial or silt-deposit, which greatly increases the fertility of the soil. This soil on either side of the Nile owes its fertility to the annual flooding of the area, which submerges large regions, even after the construction of Aswan Dam in Egypt. Nehru used to say—give unto the river what naturally belongs to her, i. e. homesteads should not be built on riversides or on temporary char lands. That is a sure preventive measure, better than steps to resist after-effects. Men have tried from the earliest times to build protective embankments against the incidence of floods. Ordinarily these can be made sufficiently strong to resist the usual type of floods. A system of canals to irrigate the low-lying plains affords considerable escape route for the excess water caused by a normal rainfall. But these embankments should have to be maintained properly. Modern river engineering and hydro-dynamics, however, have led to a fundamental change in the principle. It is now realised that effective control of flood should begin at the source. Flood control, therefore, in these days has moved upstream. This includes the building of adequate reservoirs in the head stream area and the application of the principle of multipurpose river control. The building of a sufficient number of reservoirs is a long-drawn and costly process. Public sentiment may not take kindly to it; for it necessarily causes large-scale displacement of population as has been noticed in the Narmada Banchao movement of Sm. Patakar. For taming the turbulent Damodar, the age-long ‘river of sorrow’, by constructing the Tilaya, Mython and other dams across her, many Bihar villagers had to be shifted, and this was not liked by the local population. The future, no doubt, belongs to successful working of multi-purpose schemes. So petty objections, raised by individual or local interest, must give way before the larger needs of the people. In recent years, the rainy season has brought heavy floods all along the sub-Himalayan plains. The overflow of the tributaries of the Ganges and the Bramhaputra has caused untold sufferings to the people of these localities. Embankments have been broken, bridges have been washed away; villages have been waterlogged, cutting off all communications for days together. The utmost damage has been caused to the towns and villages of Assam by the Brahmaputra floods. The government must put up protective embankments; help the easy drainage of water by removing artificial obstructions, and by adopting local remedies for particular regions. It has been rightly said, â€Å"Rivers that overtop their banks and flood the adjacent lowlands offer a challenge to the people who must be ready to protect their fields from inundation. â€Å"

Marketing Campaign for Ocean Spray Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Marketing Campaign for Ocean Spray - Essay Example This mechanism which was coined by Crown Holdings Inc, had reduced the effort which was required to pen the jar. The appearance of the new lid is somewhat similar to the normal twist lid. The survey conducted found that Orbit lid was much easier to open than a normal jar out of the 100 respondent 85 of them considered it to be ‘much easier’ (Packaging World, 2012). therefore this was proved that the open lid would satisfy the customers and would provide an easy way to access he bottles. According to an article, the market has opened wide for easy open cans. With several new and modified new styles, companies are providing the customers with more convenient choices of their meals. As per the can manufacturer institute, the can shipped for human food consumption has exceeded about 25billion per year. Recent survey has revealed that in US more than 70% of the consumers eat few meals which are on the run each week (Wiemer, 2005). Recommendation Based on the innovation and th e rate of acceptance the company has decided to participate in the Christmas Exhibition to be held in London. Before participating in the exhibition, it is necessary to promote or to generate awareness in the mind of the customers about the new product. So at the initial stage promotional campaign such as advertisements would be aired in some channels mainly in food channels to generate awareness. The advertisements would also run on the other channels which are the most viewed channels by the mid level age groups, this is because the product is mainly aimed at the mid age level and the survey was also conducted on the women who belong to the age group of 40 plus. Therefore running advertisements would help them to know about the new re-launch of the product... Based on the innovation and the rate of acceptance the company has decided to participate in the Christmas Exhibition to be held in London. Before participating in the exhibition, it is necessary to promote or to generate awareness in the mind of the customers about the new product. So at the initial stage promotional campaign such as advertisements would be aired in some channels mainly in food channels to generate awareness. The advertisements would also run on the other channels which are the most viewed channels by the mid level age groups, this is because the product is mainly aimed at the mid age level and the survey was also conducted on the women who belong to the age group of 40 plus. Therefore running advertisements would help them to know about the new re-launch of the product with an easy open lid allowing them to easily open the jar. In addition to the advertisements, hoarding and bill boards will add on to the promotional activity. A big banner, situated in the peak are a would allow consumers to look at it and know about its re launch. The exhibition is also a big platform to re launch the product. There are thousands of people visiting the exhibition, thus making the avenue attractive would provide success for its target people.

Professional Ethics Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional Ethics - Research Paper Example If he decides to send him to the asylum, then he is snatching away his independence but is reducing risk that the patient can pose to himself and others. Thus, the physician has to face a conflict between what is legal and what is ethical. Personal Values and Professional Ethics †¢ The physician interacting with the patient should be honest and straightforward, and should deal with the patient in a candid fashion. †¢ The patient should also be honest with the physician. †¢ The patient’s consent should be considered before sharing, selling or disclosing his personal information. †¢ The patient’s privacy should be maintained by blocking unauthorized access to his health records and personal data. †¢ Informed Consent is about having the capable patient take part in making decisions about his healthcare and treatment process (Wear, 1992). The patient should be well informed about all the circumstances and his wishes and judgment has to be considered by the practitioner. Ethical Theories and Principles According to Rainbow (2002), â€Å"ethical theories and principles are the foundations of ethical analysis because they are the viewpoints from which guidance can be obtained along the pathway to a decision.† Ethical Principles Beneficence. ... Justice. This principle states that physicians make ethical decisions that are fair to the patient and all those who are involved in the treatment process. The decisions should be made on logical bases. Ethical Theories Deontology. This theory focuses on that physicians should stick to their responsibilities when they are facing a dilemma in making ethical decisions. This will help them to make consistent decisions while adhering to their ethical obligations. Utilitarianism. This theory helps the physician to make choices whose consequences are better for the patient. He will make a decision that will yield greatest benefit to all involved. Rights. This theory respects and protects the rights of people as enforced by the society itself. Casuist. This theory enables the physicians to make decision about an ethical dilemma by comparing it to similar dilemmas and their consequences that might have happened in the past. Virtue. This theory is about judging a person through his values and standards rather than by his actions. Application to My Current Practice My current practice as a health practitioner is providing healthcare to e-consumers. I apply all ethical theories and principles because I aim to provide beneficence to my e-patients with least harm I can inflict upon them. I respect their decisions and stick to my ethical obligations. I strictly follow the Casuist theory whenever I am in some kind of a dilemma. For example, once I had to prescribe a diabetes patient to start insulin injections but I found out that his body was too frail to bear the injections twice a day. So, I referred to previous case histories of my patients to find out a

Sunlife Insurance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sunlife Insurance - Case Study Example The firm had decided to diversify into other businesses at a time when it was facing very stiff competition from new entrants into the insurance business. The company responded so well to the pressures of diversification through moving into the businesses that were contiguous to its traditional insurance base. These businesses included residential mortgages, mutual funds, as well as personal trust services. Through these businesses, the sales agents were able to push the other services of the company, much to the benefit of the company. The mutual funds business was able to generate profits at a time when other companies were recording losses and therefore diversification into the line of business and relying on the sales agents was a good decision (Sun Life Financial, 2012). By getting into the other lines of businesses like consumer banking, the firm was able to attract other customers through its other businesses like the consumer banking where the agents were referring the custom ers at the bank to buy mortgages and the other services offered by the firm.   Its partnership with Century 21 Real Estate enabled it to get to sell mortgage packs to the customers referred to it by the real estate firm into which it bought some stake sometime earlier. The agency system the company had invested in enable the firm to achieve very broad coverage that it would not have been able to have it gone for the brokerage system used by other firms. All in all, the decision to diversify into the other lines of business favored it.

Discuss and Evaluate the Role of Religion In the Formulation and Essay

Discuss and Evaluate the Role of Religion In the Formulation and Practice of Foreign Policy - Essay Example What are the potential for positive and negative outcomes of this? Do religious differences always result in war, or can differing countries unite to answer other needs? Religion is an important element in establishing identity, both for the individual, and nation states. However, sovereign states have a history of religious intolerance towards other religions, both within their domains, and with other nations. When you start making foreign policy based on religion, and particularly when it’s fuelled by religion based on absolute beliefs, you get some horrific results (Rappaport). The current differences in faiths becomes important when you consider that terms such as ‘Fundamentalist’ or ‘Crusaders’ are polemical terms which serve to label every member of that religious group as extremist and threatening: The term fundamentalism is used polemically to polarize the debate and eliminate the middle ground†¦little distinction is made among islamic tr aditionalists, neo traditionalists, radical and militant islamists, while liberal and reformist currents in Islam are ignored (Fundamentalism discourses: enemy images WAF).... Against Fundamentalisms) The 20th century demonstrated several clear examples of the difficulties posed by uniting religious belief with foreign policy, not least of all the Vatican's policy during World War II, which has been denounced as inadequate and even as actually favouring the Nazi's ( Manhattan, 171). There is also reference to "The conflicts between the Roman Church and the Freedoms of democracy" (Glenn Archer, quoted in Manhattan, 7). Sometimes the religious policies of a nation are in direct conflict with its own best interests, and the medieval histories of the Eastern European Bloc demonstrates: Constantly the battleground between the different Christian sects, and the mighty Muslim empire of the Ottoman's, Eastern Bloc states such as Yugoslavia, Romania and Hungary experienced not only external holy conflict, but internal as well. Religion is not just a state mechanism, but is also a personal belief of many World leaders, a fact which cannot be avoided when considering their foreign policy: Even in an ostensibly secular state the private religious convictions And concerns of foreign policy-makers can be crucial, even decisive Factors in shaping international relations (A. Rotter, quoted in Kirby, 3) These conflicts and difficulties can be demonstrated through three case studies. The first two shall concentrate upon religious conflicts between states within a certain time period: beginning with how foreign policy was affected by religious conflict during the reign of Henry VIII, and then considering how religion formed a part in the policies of the Cold War. This will culminate in a review of the religious troubles of the Eastern Bloc, looking at conflict in both the later middle ages and during the Bosnian War in the latter half of

Management of New Venture (MBA Program) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management of New Venture (MBA Program) - Essay Example Their compensation will be considered as their investment and the share will be proportional to the total investment of the partnership company/venture. After all, mere financial investment cannot run a business. There should be someone to look after the business. In the present problem the two members who have agreed to put in their hard work have to be compensated equally or as per the terms put in the partnership deed. The contributions of the members shall be the capital of the firm. If any further capital or loans or deposits are required by the firm to meet its expenditure then such loans/deposits/capital shall be arranged or invested or even contributed by the partners. These investments if made by the partners will amount to an additional percentage of shares to be held by them. Also at the end of the accounting period the partners are liable for interest at 18% per annum or as prescribed under Section 40(b) (iv) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 or under any other Act applicable, on the amount standing at their credit. Such interest paid will be considered as an expenditure of the firm and will be debited to the profit and loss account of the firm before the divisible profit/loss is calculated. The two partners who have agreed to put their heart and soul into the business will have to be paid remuneration as laid down under section 40(b)(v), which is read with 3rd explanation of the Income-Tax Act, 1961. The remuneration will be distributed among the two partners in an agreed percentage. The partners are also eligible to revise the method of calculating the remuneration as agreed to by and among the partners from time to time. The partners will have to form a board of directors and elect a member as a Managing director who will look after the whole business. The Managing Director will be responsible for the acts of the partners collectively or individually in the conduct of the business. Meetings have to be conducted at regular intervals and the partners will have to attend the meetings. An agenda has to be prepared before every meeting lying down in clear terms as to what is the purpose of the meeting and what the discussions that would be held at the meetings. Holding of shares of each partner will be based on the amount of investments which they bring into the business. Bibliography: Chapter:xxi "Choice of Organization and Ownership", by Saravanavel, Margham Publications

Exercis 5 Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Exercis 5 - Personal Statement Example I selected this article because I am interested in how engineering and similar professions apply knowledge management practices in their particular professions. It appealed to me because it shows knowledge management strategies in real applications. Reading about managing knowledge can be quite vague, even when tools and guidelines are provided in books. Hallowell helps me understand how the theory of knowledge management is applied in construction organizations. In particular, I learned from this article that organizations that proactively manage knowledge about safety have better safety levels than those that do not. Furthermore, these organizations combine hard and soft approaches to collecting and managing knowledge, such as using data-entry systems for gathering reactions to safety situations and conducting interviews with workers. The article emphasized that the best source of knowledge is the people who are involved in the processes being analyzed and improved, and that an eff ective strategy of managing knowledge is designing systems, policies, and practices that efficiently and effectively capture, store, and share knowledge to users and

Marketing Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Marketing Evaluation Essay Recommend the position in the market. â€Å"Research undertaken by the Tourism Satellite Accounting (TSA) predicts that demand for travel and tourism in India will by an appreciable 8.1 per cent p.a. in the coming decade making it the third fastest growing travel destination in the world† (Bharwani Mathews, Risk Identification and analysis in the hospitality industry, 2012). India has emerged as an ideal location to embark on a global expansion in the hospitality industry. According to Line and Runyan, in the hospitality segment there have been countless studies that argue that customer service has a direct correlation to employee job satisfaction and productivity, the same is said in the international arena for hospitality (Line Runyan, 2012, p. 478). As with many of the international hospitality emergent, customer and employee interaction defines the profitability and sustainability of the company. World travelers look for impeccable service with all of the attributes of a bed and breakfast (Olsen, Chathoth, Sharma, 2001). According to Bhawarni and Butts, â€Å"guests actively seek superior quality, customized yet consistent hospitality experiences which integrate a subtle culture specific novelty with a certain acceptable level of service and product quality† (Bharwani Butt, Challenges for the global hospitality industry: an HR perspective, 2012, p. 155). This sets the standards high for employees and management. In accordance with the standards of the international hospitality brands, Bollman is recommended to pursue a luxury branding for their entry into India. This will entail in depth training and qualification standards. Conduct a market evaluation by researching what companies in the relevant market are pro viding to employees from a total compensation perspective. Currently India does not have minimum wage set by the government, although this is expected to change in the near future, it does present a challenge for companies wishing to expand into the area. Due to the changes in the international travelers and hospitality consumers into the region India has a shortage of trained and efficient employees. The area is also being impacted due to the aging population, which shrinks the current labor force. This means that the training costs and employee turnover rate is a significant factor in the India market. According to Bharwani and Butt, competitors of this region have begun to put set company policies for minimum wage standards. International companies have implemented  competitive pay standards, incentive and benefit programs, productive and safe work environments, and the ability to advance within the company (Bharwani Butt, Challenges for the global hospitality industry: an HR perspective, 2012, p. 158). Training has also been a key determinant in the success and customer satisfaction with international hospitality companies. The ability of the employees to deliver a luxury and home-like experience to the consumer is the foundation for success in the international arena. References Bharwani, S., Butt, N. (2012). Challenges for the global hospitality industry: an HR perspective. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 4(2), 150-162. Bharwani, S., Mathews, D. (2012). Risk Identification and analysis in the hospitality industry. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 4(5), 420-427. Jauhari, V., Rishi, M. (2012). Challenges faced by the hospitality industry in India: an introduction. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 4(2), 110-117. Line, N. D., Runyan, R. C. (2012). Hospitality marketing research: Recent trends and future directions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 477-488. Olsen, M. D., Chathoth, P., Sharma, A. (2001, April-September). Forces Driving Change in the Hospitality Industry in India. Journal of Services Research, 1(1), 3-21.a

The Single World Order | An analysis

The Single World Order | An analysis Albert Schweitzer once said that The first step in the evolution of ethics is a sense of solidarity with other human beings. How do we develop this sense of solidarity? All begins from your own self-awareness. Sometimes as humans, we feel that we have already fulfilled the requirements to be an ethical person. We all have a pretty good idea what are being ethical means, based on our own experiences, values and beliefs. But yet we still struggle with hard ethical questions in our roles that seem to have no simple answer. Generally speaking, ethics refers to the study of right and wrong behaviors. In daily lives we are regularly faced with important questions about what to do. Should I keep my promise or should I just break it? Should I give some of my money to the panhandler or keep it myself? Ethics, as a field of study, goes to find principles and rules for responding such day-to-day questions. How if nationalities are dissolved in favor of global citizenry (i.e. A single world order), would the world be ethically and morally better? The answer could vary, depends on what kind of government that will be built and how citizens respond to this. Advantages and Disadvantages of Single World Order Global citizenry or more known as single world order is a government system where the whole world is sharing the same rules and regulations without any exception. All of the citizens should listen and obey the protocol without any attempt to break the rules and regulations. In this democracy world, people should be given the freedom to express their opinions. Some countries still do not provide the freedom to give free speech. This situation can be referred as unethical situation. Each state would have the respective governments in which they have its own regulations. For some people, they cant really accept the rules that are applied in other countries. What will be the result if the entire countries united and have only one rule alone or well known as single world order? What could happen? If from the beginning when the world first formed, single world order has also been carried on; maybe this world could be ethically and morally better. A single world order would be impressive if it is properly done, but would be terrible if it were not just the right way. Although it may be a good decision, but actually theres some difficulties might be found since there are a lot of ethnic, race, nationality, religion and different culture. Looking at majority opinion and research that has been done by Dave Pederson, it says that a global government can be an evil beast which if loosed can only accomplish unfettered destruction. Given todays technology that is placed in this kind situation of carnage would be nearly impossible to destroy. Since technology would give them, those people with power, a lot of help to control this world. One of the strongest reasons to not have single world government is because dozens of peoples minds have not changed yet. The human races have not fully learned the value of teamwork and collaboration when it comes to an international scale. Everyone will be fighting with one another to get their way and that single world order will be nothing but a price for one nation to rule upon others. We need to have a major worldwide disaster such as World War III, which we expect it wont happen; environmental changes, or the discovery of something new, that we are not alone in this vast universe. Humanity must get this one government, only then we can fully apply all the advantages of a single world order. Somehow, this single world order would be a good idea, but it would have to be carefully made. Having one government in this world is the only way to achieve anything resembling world peace since it would build the feeling of patriotism irrelevant, because theres only one government to be patriotic to. However, the bastions of power that this world has been already way too big. There is one old adage says: There aint no such thing as a free lunch, which means it is impossible to get something for nothing. If such a government were imposed it would most likely mismanage resources due to the structure of the power in general. This world needs people to facilitate trade and communication between one another. However, those people are the ones with power; the message becomes corrupt and no longer reflects the common person. As some research has been done, there is some religion that against this single world order. They even start asking, is the single world order plausible? We all certain if this kind of situation announced in every corner of the world, it will spread very fast. Once its applied, it starts controlling the world just in the blink of an eye. Unless the citizen wake up from their lifeless careers and start thinking about the consequences and intentions of these single world order proponents and their plan there will not be a world to live in where people can be free much longer as before. (Is a One World Government Plausible, 1995) A lot of many different steps are being taken in order to push to a new single world order as stated in Courtnie Campbells article. It would harm us, as citizens; more than help us in the end. It would be very problematic, and it would be no way to controlling. How can the entire world agree on one type of government while we might end up having one leader that can be a dictator? Everything would not get along and it would just end up being a big dictatorship because there would be fights for power and on and on again. The only moral justification for a democracy where it can raise up the world, is that it permits the citizen to elect a good government. If the citizen fails to do that, then democracy misses any moral legitimacy it had. The ordinary fact that an evil or unfair government was democratically elected confers no existence rights on the government. The evil human beings have done in pursuit of their ideals is unrivaled. If you doubt about it, think of the colossal disasters and enormous tragedies caused by twentieth century government planners pursuing the loftiest ideals. (Hocutt, Max., 2010) Ethics in Government Why should we care and pay attention about government ethics? One of the reasons that often stated is the importance of government ethics to participate democratic government. As a democratic nation-state, citizens should actively participate in the democratic process. If citizens came to believe that politicians and governments were generally unethical and did some corruption, they might develop a strong sense of indifference towards the governments. This in turn, may result in people withdrawing, and also step back from the participation. Government ethics can play an important role in confirming this does not happen. By setting out clear and unmistakable rules that public officials must tolerate by, and by occupying persons responsible when those rules are broken, citizens can have confidence in their elected representatives and the political system. Nevertheless, citizens can take some ease in knowing when unethical behavior does and will occur. (Ethics in Government: Concepts, Issues Debates, 2007) Ethical Evaluation of Single World Order If we relate this issue to the 4 ethical evaluations, we can see that a single world is an ethically wrong action or an ethically right action. (Michael Jay, 2009) Kantian Evaluation By looking at the Kantian perspective, those few people that have been thinking about creating a single world order, are treating other people as a means to an end. Why is it so? If the single world order is being used, like what has been mentioned earlier, those people with power will take advantage from those common people that cant even do anything since they have no power to against you. Hence, single world order is wrong. Act Utilitarian Evaluation Violates Act Utilitarian; Action is immoral if there is a net deficit in happiness. Its all about the total happiness that we receive. Lets say that the population of the world is 7,000,000,000 people. The government will also need people to work for them; to control the process of the world that is going on. So they might need around 10% of the population. The 10% of governments people might feel happy because they can work in the government. Where the rest, 90% of the population; might feel unhappy because of the certain reasons that is stated above. The total unhappiness is bigger than the total happiness. Therefore, single world order is ethically wrong. Rule Utilitarian Evaluation The general case is to be likely similar to the specific case in the Act Utilitarian point of view. If a lot people against the single world order, which is a government system, the usefulness of the government will fall for everyone. If no one believes the government anymore, then there is no point of having a government system. Everybody will not obey the rules and the regulations that have been made by the government itself. When all of these consequences are considered, it seems clear that single world order is wrong from a rule utilitarian perspective. Social Contract Theory Evaluation We all have the right to free speech, where people should respect your rights. This social contract theory violates an action that goes against the rules that govern among citizens. The rules are based on the rights and negative rights of the community. People might just spread out their idea about having a single world order, create it with the rules and regulations, ask citizens to follow it. But looking at it the other way, your right to freedom of speech doesnt come with a requirement that anyone has to listen to what youre saying. Thus, a single world order is ethically wrong. (Ethics for the information age, Quinn. M. J., 2011) Conclusion and Recommendation As we can see from all the explanation and the reasons above, we can conclude that if all the nationalities are dissolved in favor of global citizenry (i.e. A single world order), the world wouldnt be ethically and morally better. It might be better if we have our own government in our country, which made its own rules and regulations, since it would not give the citizens cultural shock; if the single world order is really being created. Stephen R. Covey once said, People cant live with change if theres not a changeless core inside them. The key to the ability to change is a changeless sense of who you are, what you are about and what you value. Therefore, there is a way to build an ethically and morally better world, by fulfilling all these 3 steps: create, share and inspire. First of all as a citizen, we need to create an ethical life within ourselves. Is this kind of situation that I created will make people feel unhappy? Is my action bringing disadvantage to people around me? These kinds of questions must have crossed your mind before. After you applied the ethical life into your daily life, you can start sharing it to other people to let them understand, by showing them how ethical life is. Share it to your closest people, i.e. family and friends, by inspiring them. But of course, you need to remain ethical and moral. Try to create something that could indicate that you would bring happiness to the people around you, not disastrous or any disadvantages. If you have managed to inspire the people around you, then you, yourself have been successful in building a better world, which is ethically and morally better. (University of Virginia, 2012) Word Count: 1981 words. Annotated Bibliography Article 1 Journals Citation Hocutt, Max., 2010, Morality: What in the world is it?, Journal of Behavior Philosophy, Vol. 38, p31-48, 18p. Introduction About the morality that a world should have Aims and Scope The journal discussed about the law conception of morality Usefulness If we want to know what sort of thing real morality is, how we are obligated by it, and why we should obey it, we must begin with empirically determinate realities, not religious myths and utopian ideals. Limitations By only focusing on real moralities, we can understand morality exists and imposes obligations on us Conclusions Actually It is comparing existing moralities to each other that we can hope to discover which of them does a better job of performing its proper functions. My reflection Thus, we need to perform the morality start from ourselves, only we try to apply that to the whole world. Article 2 Journals Citation Hellman, Deborah, Judging by Appearances: Professional Ethics, Expressive Government and the Morality of How Things Seem (2001). Maryland Law Review, Vol. 60, p. 653, 2001. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=383821 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.383821 Introduction In this journal, the authors review that concerns to the societys ambivalence about appearance of impropriety standards for public officials and professionals is important Aims and Scope By widening the range of improper actions by including those that appear improper there may be more ethics-related inquiries and prosecutions which, ironically, may itself erode public confidence in institutions by making it seem that there is far more corruption than was ever thought Usefulness This journal is useful for my research topic because it is explaining the important differences between appearing to do wrong and expressing a constitutionally problematic meaning Limitations The limitation of the journal is the whole idea is too complicated. Conclusions This journal helped us to clarify what is the expressive dimension of state action is. In developing the ideas in this journal, we can see that it is the meaning of what is manifest or displayed that alone is crucial. My reflection Thus, this journal helps me in finding out the difference between appearing to do wrong and expressing a constitutionally Article 3 Journals Citation KIDDER, RUSHWORTH M. (12/2005) Moral Courage, Digital Distrust: Ethics in a Troubled World. Business and Society Review, ISSN 0045-3609, 110 (4), p. 485 505. Introduction The book itself is discussed using real-life stories from business, education, government, sports, and other areas Aims and Scope It is to explain what moral courage is, what it does, and how we can develop it Usefulness It also tells us about ethical behavior in individuals, institutions and nations through research, public discourse and practical action Limitations Because it was discussed using real-life story, some people might not really get what is the meaning behind the story Conclusions This journal offers a step-by-step guide, including checklists, on how to apply moral values to difficult situations, understand the risks (more often career troubles and social ostracism than physical harm) and endure hardships brought on by moral courage itself My reflection So, we as a people must put limits on how much technology we allow in this world. We must be able to be a technologically advanced country that also stays in the lines of the values of others and this journal helps a lot in my research. Article 4 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Dtmms.org (1997) Living a Moral and Ethical Life Elder Wisdom from ThunderStrikes. [Online] Available at: http://www.dtmms.org/readingroom/alignment/living_moral_ethical_life.htm [Accessed: 1 Sep 2012]. Introduction This article defines what constitutes ethics and morality Aims and Scope It is to make the reader understand about how important is living a moral and ethical life Usefulness To have a moral and ethical life, you need to see 5 aspects of the world: mineral world, the plant world, animal world, the human world, and spirit world Limitations Somehow, it has too many real-life examples that is not too straight forward, so it is quite hard for me to understand Conclusions But, as a human, we need to forgive people that did a lot of bad things to you My reflection Thats one way of living a moral and ethical life Article 5 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Mapleleafweb.com (2007) Ethics in Government: Concepts, Issues Debates | Mapleleafweb.com. [Online] Available at: http://www.mapleleafweb.com/features/ethics-government-concepts-issues-debates [Accessed: 9 Sep 2012]. Introduction Government ethics refers to a particular professional code of conduct for those who work in and for government. Government ethics, therefore, involve rules and guidelines about right and wrong behaviors for a host of different groups, including elected leaders, elected representatives, political staff, and public servants. Aims and Scope This article tells us about what is the importance of government ethics. Usefulness It includes the code of conduct and the code of ethics that is being used in government Limitations The limitation of the article is it only talks about the importance point. It doesnt include the advantages and disadvantages Conclusions This article helps us in clarifying what is government ethics and how it should be done My reflection Thus, it helps a lot in my research paper. Article 6 Books e-books Citation Colls, R. (1998), Ethics Man: John Grays New Moral World. The Political Quarterly, 69: 59-71. doi: 10.1111/1467-923X.00137 Introduction Explore the key issues of the day. Dedicated to political and social reform Aims and Scope Addresses current issues through serious and through provoking articles Usefulness Talking about topical issues and underlying trends politics Limitations It limits itself until the political stuff Conclusions Somehow, the new moral world should build start from the politic side where they need to clean out the corruption My reflection This book is useful for me, since politic is always about government. Article 7 Books e-books Citation Encyclopedia of Ethics, 2nd edition, ed. Lawrence Becker and Charlotte Becker (New York: Routledge, 2001), vol. 3, pp. 1706-1708. Introduction The point is especially important for the kind of absolutist ethic that Immanuel Kant defends. Aims and Scope Kant held that moral rules have no exceptions; on his way of thinking, we may never lie, we may never break a promise, and so on. Usefulness This is a clear example of an ethic that seems not to work in practice, for sensible people recognize that in extreme circumstances even very serious rules may have to be broken. Limitations Somehow, Kant said that it works fine on the theory but it doesnt work in practice, where he just taking back his statement about how ethics should work. Conclusions The relation of ethical theory to practice might be like the relation between biology and medicine, where they related and depends on each other. My reflection Thus, I believe that it is easy to tell others what ethics is, how should you done it, but it is very hard when it comes to real-life practice. Article 8 Journals Citation Campbell , C. (2012) A One World Government. Globalization in Todays world, Vol. 1. Introduction The globalization has come a long way over the past century, especially in the past decade. The possibility of a one-world government was formerly viewed as radical and was dismissed without even a second thought. Aims and Scope Multinational corporations are playing a huge role in the formation of the New World Order. These corporations are invested in many countries worldwide. Multinational corporations are simply interested in maximizing corporate profits (Crook). In doing so they have replaced democracies and democratic forms of governments worldwide (Crook). Because multinational corporations are very rich, the use their money as power. In theory, as the corporations increase in power, democracy [will be] replaced, bought, and corporate paid for and [will] no longer exist (Crook). Usefulness It tells you what exactly happened in this real world. Limitations It limits itself only to what happened with the government and the multinational corporation. Conclusions Their overall goals are to persuade the world into a one-world government that will be governed by the Illuminati themselves My reflection It is honestly very scary to know that our future and our country lie in the hands of these multinational corporations. Article 9 Newspaper Citation London-daily.com (2000) Guest Article by Rebecca Sumner for London Daily, the londoners newspaper. [Online] Available at: http://www.london-daily.com/art/ld-rebec.htm [Accessed: 13 Sep 2012]. Introduction This newspaper talks about events in Kosovo. As the events in Kosovo unfolded, few questioned the imperative for war Aims and Scope It is to spread our motive; which is humanitarianism. Usefulness Rebecca Sumner uncovers what we were never told before. Limitations But yet the humanitarian argument is famously flawed Conclusions My reflection So the conclusion is questionable: The facts beg a terrifying question: To whom now, is NATO accountable? Article 10 Books e-books Citation Race and culture : a world view SOWELL, T. (1994). Race and culture: a world view. New York, Basic Books. Introduction This book gives an international to themes from earlier works like Ethnic America and Markets and Minorities Aims and Scope It is argued that major economic and social differences between groups cannot be explained by environment Usefulness The persistence of traits among certain ethnic groups under a wide variety of circumstances, suggesting the weak influence of environment Limitations This book attributes the ethnic groups more to culture than nature Conclusions Decades of bearing down with increasing myopia and intensity of these current issues has generated more heat than light, but there is an alternative: dont rush in for the argumentative kill. Step back to learn. Acquire a wide historical perspective; perceive our current and national issues within the history and geography of the world. With a searching and honest examination of the big picture, many of our current confusions become clearer. Cultural behaviors turn out to develop naturally by people coping with their various conditions, and when we see this, cultural variations are less easily attributable to racial natures and capacities. My reflection Thus, the painful history of racial and ethnic relations is a sobering reminder of the high stakes which make clarity imperative and obscurantism dangerous. Article 11 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Preservearticles.com (2011) Do you think that One World Government is only Solution to the World Problems?. [online] Available at: http://www.preservearticles.com/201105136615/do-you-think-that-one-world-government-is-only-solution-to-the-world-problems.html [Accessed: 14 Sep 2012]. Introduction This article talks about will one world government be the solution to the world problems? Aims and Scope It discusses about the arguments for and arguments against a one world government Usefulness It also tells you about the benefit and disadvantages if one world government is used Limitations But somehow It doesnt tell you exactly whether the one world government would be good for this whole world or not Conclusions Theres always positive and negative points about one thing My reflection Thus, this article tells me that one world government might have its advantages and disadvantages which we dont really know yet since it havent been used. Article 12 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Blogs.darden.virginia.edu (2012) Building an Ethical World: Create, Share, Inspire  « Building an Ethical World. [Online] Available at: http://blogs.darden.virginia.edu/ethicalworld/2012/04/17/building-an-ethical-world-create-share-inspire-7/ [Accessed: 14 Sep 2012]. Introduction This article tells you how to create an ethical world by create, share, and inspire Aims and Scope It is to tell the whole world, what should you do to have a better world Usefulness It also brings a lot of positive attitude Limitations But It doesnt really tell you how do you share and inspire people Conclusions When you want to have a better world, you need to start it from your own self My reflection So, I really think that if we want to work hard on building our own ethical life, we can build an ethical world as well. Start in from my own self. Article 13 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Mtgap.wordpress.com (2010) Morality in the Real World  « Philosophical Multicore. [Online] Available at: http://mtgap.wordpress.com/2010/09/19/morality-in-the-real-world/ [Accessed: 15 Sep 2012]. Introduction The morality in the real world article discussed about what kinds of moral value do and do not exist in the natural world, how we can examine these issues carefully, and how we can (really) make the world a better place. Aims and Scope This article is to reveal their unusual beliefs in the name of utilitarianism Usefulness It tells you the reason behind an action Limitations The limitation of this article is because it is too focused on utilitarianism Conclusions If we are following Utilitarian morality, the actions we take in each of these situations will be very different. It is worth examining these two moralities separately. Strict Utilitarianism is the set of morality in which we assume that every rational being acts according to Utilitarianism; Practical Utilitarianism is that in which we remember all the constraints and imperfections of the real world. My reflection In my opinion itself, the real world is not nearly so simple. 14 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Prospect.org (2010) The Benefits of One-World Government.. [Online] Available at: http://prospect.org/article/benefits-one-world-government [Accessed: 12 Sep 2012]. Introduction Using real-life examples to explain the situation Aims and Scope Tells you what is the benefit of one world government Usefulness You might understand more because of the cases that are used as the examples Limitations No conclusion stated from the article Conclusions But still, Globalization is still the best method to control this world My reflection Viva globalization! Article 15 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Scribd.com (1995) Is a One World Government Plausible. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/16525366/Is-a-One-World-Government-Plausible [Accessed: 15 Sep 2012]. Introduction Is single world order good for us, as citizen and common people? Aims and Scope This article is made to against single world order Usefulness It tells you a bunch of advantages of a single world order Limitations But too sad, this article has too many history stories which are confusing for people that dont know much about history. Conclusions Actually, the world domination is the goal of all the worlds most corrupt and subversive secret societies. They control the media, education, entertainment, politics, religion, academia, military, corporations, banking, and investment, and the major industries My reflection Therefore, the single world order or one world government is not plausible. Article 16 Books e-books Citation Ethics for the information age QUINN, M. J. (2009). Ethics for the information age. Boston, Pearson Addison Wesley. p.113-115 Introduction That particular page discuss about ethical evaluation of spamming Aims and Scope It is to prove whether spamming is ethically wrong or right Usefulness Somehow you know why is spamming wrong in this perspective Limitations But it doesnt specify the definition of the evaluation. (but it has been stated in another page, which I dont use it as reference) Conclusions Thus, spamming is wrong My reflection This particular page is useful for my research, where I can take the main points here and include it in my research paper. Article 17 Books e-books Citation Ethics for the information age QUINN, M. J. (2011). Ethics for the information age. Boston, Addison-Wesley. p. 95-111 Introduction These particular pages of the books talk about the ethical evaluation, which is almost the same with his previous book that published in 2009. Aims and Scope It tells you about how can you relate this ethical evaluation in your daily life Usefulness It explains using a lot of examples which make you easier to understand. Limitations The limitation is it only covers up the 4 ethical evaluations, where actually there is more than that. Conclusions But somehow, it explains well what is Kantianism, Act Utilitarian, Rule Utilitarian and Social Contract Theory is. My reflection This book helps me a lot in doing my research in the ethical evaluation section Article 18 Books e-books Citation Heresies : against progress and other illusions GRAY, J. (2004). Heresies: against progress and other illusions. London, Granta. Introduction He stated a quote in his introduction: Unlike science, ethics and politics are not activities in which what is learned in one generation can be passed on to an infinite

Mansfield Park’s Fanny Price Essay -- Jane Austens Mansfield Park

Jane Austen’s novels are recognized for their competent heroines. From Elizabeth of Pride and Prejudice to Anne Elliot of Persuasion, Austen’s heroines are independent, indomitable, and intellectual. Mansfield Park’s protagonist Fanny is viewed in the eyes of countless readers as weak, quiet, and even snobbish. Yet when her accomplishments in the Bertram household are taken into account, Fanny reappears as a deeper figure. Fanny Price, though reserved and sullen at times, aptly presents herself as a determined and ethically sound character in a family marked by wanton behavior. Taking Fanny under his guidance to protect and support her since the day of her arrival, Edmund Bertram sought to lift her from the place the Bertram’s drove her to, a menial position of near servitude. Mrs. Norris made it apparent to Fanny that she was subordinate to her cousins Maria and Julia due to her lack of education and the consequence of their noble birthright. Edmund sustained Fanny at her most vulnerable moments – the times she knew she did not fit in, when she missed her brother William, and when she did not understand why people who were supposed to love her treated her so abrasively. At times Fanny became concerned by Edmund’s behavior, particularly related to Mary Crawford because she knew Mary had immoral intentions in her hopes of marrying Edmund. Regardless of how she felt, Fanny persevered in supporting her beloved cousin and eventually succeeded in becoming his virtuous wife. ...

Understanding Themewriting and Someones Pain :: Communication Language Essays

Understanding Themewriting and Someone's Pain Trying to break free from the hold that themewriting has on me is getting to be hard. I never knew that it had such a grip. What is especially difficult is that I need to break free from its grip for this class but yet it is pretty much demanded for the psychology research articles that I am writing. I find that it's difficult to juggle both trying to break free and trying to hold on because of another class. Where does a person incorporate both themewriting and non-themewriting or can a person even think of such a thing? But then to say that I cannot, or possibly have to, incorporate both gives me a rule that I have to follow and wouldn't that constitute themewriting once again? And aren't we supposed to be breaking free of the rules that we have to follow for writing? Themewriting has become so complex to me that I have yet to come up with a definition of what themewriting is. It seems to me that for a person to say "we need to break free of themewriting" or "we need to learn to not write like that" would give me rules to follow in my writing which would constitute themewriting. It's almost like the professor who, on the first day of class, wrote "the is no absolute truth" on the blackboard. The statement itself becomes an absolute truth. I understand how it feels to not be able to write down the feelings that I have. To not be able to express the feeling that I have in words. That may be a result of themewriting, I don't know. When I was in high school I used to write poems, not very good ones I must admit, but none the less, I was able to put my feelings down on paper. But after high school, I lost it or it got replaced by what has come to be called themewriting. All I know is that writing the poems that I once did is difficult to do and I seldom do it. Can I blame that on my high school teachers? When they told me how to write and what to write? Or must the blame fall on me? Or is there no one to blame? I've been reading much about voice. I've read that we shouldn't stereotype, or look for the gender of, the author. Understanding Themewriting and Someone's Pain :: Communication Language Essays Understanding Themewriting and Someone's Pain Trying to break free from the hold that themewriting has on me is getting to be hard. I never knew that it had such a grip. What is especially difficult is that I need to break free from its grip for this class but yet it is pretty much demanded for the psychology research articles that I am writing. I find that it's difficult to juggle both trying to break free and trying to hold on because of another class. Where does a person incorporate both themewriting and non-themewriting or can a person even think of such a thing? But then to say that I cannot, or possibly have to, incorporate both gives me a rule that I have to follow and wouldn't that constitute themewriting once again? And aren't we supposed to be breaking free of the rules that we have to follow for writing? Themewriting has become so complex to me that I have yet to come up with a definition of what themewriting is. It seems to me that for a person to say "we need to break free of themewriting" or "we need to learn to not write like that" would give me rules to follow in my writing which would constitute themewriting. It's almost like the professor who, on the first day of class, wrote "the is no absolute truth" on the blackboard. The statement itself becomes an absolute truth. I understand how it feels to not be able to write down the feelings that I have. To not be able to express the feeling that I have in words. That may be a result of themewriting, I don't know. When I was in high school I used to write poems, not very good ones I must admit, but none the less, I was able to put my feelings down on paper. But after high school, I lost it or it got replaced by what has come to be called themewriting. All I know is that writing the poems that I once did is difficult to do and I seldom do it. Can I blame that on my high school teachers? When they told me how to write and what to write? Or must the blame fall on me? Or is there no one to blame? I've been reading much about voice. I've read that we shouldn't stereotype, or look for the gender of, the author.

Analysis of Satans Speech in in John Miltons Paradise Lost

Analysis of Satan's Speech in Milton's Paradise Lost      Ã‚  Ã‚   John Milton's Paradise Lost is a work of enduring charm and value because of its theological conceptions, its beautiful language, and its "updating" of the epic to the modern world's values. Book II of this epic poem opens with Satan's speech to his minions in hell, proposing war on Heaven itself. In these first 44 lines, Satan is clearly established as epic hero, but at the same time is theologically/morally denounced by the speaker.    This section of the poem opens by establishing Satan's position of power and prestige:    High on a throne of royal state, which far Outshone the wealth of Ormus and of Ind, Or where the gorgeous East with richest hand Show'rs on her kings barbaric pearl and gold, Satan exalted sat, (II. 1-5).    These lines create an aura of awe and majesty for Satan, showing his glory and splendor through material things, while at the same time inferring indirectly that this material show is all that Satan has, rather than real power or value.    After this portrayal of Satan the epic hero in all his magnificence, the speaker (the heavenly muse) is very careful to bring down his image morally, despite the magnificent outward experience. The muse asserts that,    by merit raised To that bad eminence; and from despair Thus high uplifted beyond hope, aspires Beyond thus high, insatiate to pursue Vain war with Heav'n, and by success untaught His proud imaginations thus displayed, (II. 5-10).    The muse is very careful to remind the reader that Satan is in a high position because of his greed, and the high position he has obtained is not a good position t... ...son who uses elevated language well. The speaker's voice is brought forth showing that despite Satan's slick moves, he is the villain, but the reader still feels sympathy for Satan. The speech is a moving one, and certainly accomplishes the task of motivating the denizens of Hell to move against Heaven. It fits the framework of the poem perfectly, showing not only the theological goals of the poem, but also the desire of the poem to "mock" the traditional epic, and to provide a literary work of great beauty and power.    Sources    Fox, Robert C. "The Allegory of Sin and Death in Paradise Lost." Modern Language Quarterly 24 (1963): 354-64. Lewis, C. S. A Preface to Paradise Lost. Rpt. New York: Oxford UP, 1979. Milton, John. Paradise Lost. In John Milton: Complete Poems and Major Prose. Ed. Merritt Y. Hughes. Indianapolis: Odyssey, 1980.

Repression of War Experience

Personification in Siegfried Sassoon’s â€Å"Repression of War Experience† After wartime, soldiers can suffer from not only physical injuries, but from psychological damage as well. They become victims of PTSD, or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, which, according to Medicinenet. com, is â€Å"an emotional illness that develops as a result of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe experience. † Considering the horrors that these soldiers are witnesses to, it is no wonder that PTSD can overcome them.In Siegfried Sassoon's poem, â€Å"Repression of War Experience,† Sassoon uses personification to emphasize the psychological damage sustained by soldiers after war. In the first two lines of the poem, Sassoon starts off by painting a rather dismal picture. He begins lighting candles and pauses to watch a moth, which he then describes to the reader. He finds it ridiculous that it flies toward the candle even though it's headed right f or the flame and will end up dying. He expresses this thought by commenting on, â€Å"What silly beggars they are to blunder in, /And scorch their wings with glory, liquid flame† (lines 2-3).Of course, moths are not beggars; they are not poor citizens, but Sassoon uses personification to further develop the moth's behavior. These lines imply that moths beg for their deaths by flying toward the flame of the candle, just as soldiers beg for their deaths by signing up to fight. Moths are drawn to the flame of a candle because of the light, but do not realize that they are headed towards their death. Perhaps soldiers are attracted to war in the same way–they are tempted by the false promise of glory and honor for their country–but unknowingly march toward their own deaths as well.Sassoon links both moth and man by making such comparisons, and suggesting that both end up embracing death. Further along in the poem, and this is a very short part of the poem, indeed, Sa ssoon comments on the rain and asks, â€Å"Why won't it rain? † (line 12). Without warning as to why he does so, Sassoon changes topic and says, â€Å"Books; what a jolly company they are, /Standing so quiet and patient on their shelves† (lines 16-17). One can guess as to why he suddenly goes off about books–he cannot bear any reminders of war, and desperately tries to keep his mind occupied with the things he sees around him.The mentioning of books being a â€Å"jolly company† indicates that Sassoon is alone and perhaps has just a few objects with him in his room. It is strange to address books as though they are people or companions, as if they can carry a conversation. Sassoon then develops this unusual view further by commenting on how the books are â€Å"Dressed in dim brown, and black, and white, and green† (line 18). Perhaps this is another accidental reference to war because it hints at the soldier's camouflage-colored uniforms of green and â€Å"dim brown† but one cannot be sure.In regard to the books â€Å"standing so quiet and patient†; it is true that books can stand on their own, perhaps on a shelf or a desk, but how can they be patient? Books cannot feel anything, nor can they have opinions. This personification suggests that Sassoon's mind is slowly moving away from clear thought and logic, and that war has negatively affected his mental state. Sassoon continues comparing normal everyday sights to living things. He writes that â€Å"in the breathless air outside the house, /The garden waits for something that delays† (lines 26-27). The comment of the â€Å"breathless air† is again, strange.Air cannot be breathless because it does not breathe. Only people and animals breathe air, and without it, they will die within minutes. However, during a war, poison gas is often released into the sky, making it impossible for soldiers to breathe properly. Such attacks were especially common in Wo rld War I, which Sassoon fought in from 1914 to the end of the war in 1918. His line was most likely a reference to the poison-filled air in which no one could breathe. In the last few lines of the poem, Sassoon has failed to completely ignore thoughts of war thus far, for he says that â€Å"You'd never think there was a bloody war going on! (line 34). He abandons all attempts to repress his memories and continues his monologue about â€Å"Those whispering guns–† (line 37). Obviously, guns cannot speak, and strangely, Sassoon writes that they â€Å"whisper† rather than yell or scream.The latter would be more sensible, considering that there are no quiet gun attacks. However, the description of the hushed weapons suggests (even further) that Sassoon is haunted by his memories, perhaps every night, and can never fully forget them. He himself seems to â€Å"lose control of ugly thoughts† (mentioned in line 7, in which Sassoon pities those oldiers who cannot repress their memories) and again, seems unable to distract himself with what he sees around him, as he had done throughout the entire poem until this point. He makes the exclamation of â€Å"O Christ, I want to go out, /And screech at them to stop† (lines 37-38). At this point, Sassoon has indeed lost control of himself and wants to scream at the guns to stop firing. Guns do not fire by themselves, nor can they fight a war without soldiers pointing the guns–Sassoon would have to screech at the soldiers to stop fighting–but this personification of the weapons further emphasize the psychological damage from which he suffers.Personification is a major literary element in â€Å"Repression of War Experience,† and it lets the reader understand just how psychologically wounded Sassoon has become. His comparisons range from moths to books to guns, and he jumps from subject to subject in order to show Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. His various personified objec ts are scattered throughout the poem, and they allow the reader to truly understand how he has suffered from his experience at war.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki Day

Hiroshima Peace Day falls on August 6 and Nagasaki Peace Day on August 9. The two days to remind the world of the destruction that a war can wreck. According to estimates the bombs killed a large number of people – with the majority of the causalities having died from flash or flame burns. What happened? In 1945, the United States of America dropped two atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. On August 6, the nuclear weapon â€Å"Little Boy† was dropped on Hiroshima because it was a city of considerable military importance and contained Japan's Second Army Headquarters. It also was the communications centre and storage depot. On August 9, at 11:02 a. m. , at an altitude of 1,650 feet, Fat Man (right) exploded over Nagasaki. The yield of the explosion was later estimated at 21 kilotons, 40 percent greater than that of the Hiroshima bomb. Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000 – 166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000 – 80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day. Six days after the detonation over Nagasaki, on August 15, Japan announced its surrender to the Allied Powers, signing the Instrument of Surrender on September 2, officially ending the Pacific War and therefore World War II. Germany had signed its Instrument of Surrender on May 7, ending the war in Europe. The bombings led, in part, to post-war Japan adopting Three Non-Nuclear Principles, forbidding the nation from nuclear armament.

A Managerial Strategy Essay

The principal purpose and function of healthcare organizations is to ensure that their services. Above all their duties is geared towards caring for their patient’s health and emphasize the ability of the organization to serve their patients skillfully and responsibly. Further, they offer different types of services which include medical and behavioral health care services, accordingly, this includes public and community health care programs and in the contemporary scenario, corporate power. As a matter of fact, it has been stressed in The Well-Managed Healthcare Organization that in order to ensure that a healthcare organization is really doing its task of safeguarding the health of its patients (and not really attracting them to be its client), a health organization should improve the quality of its services (Griffith & White, 2006), which strengthens the argument of harnessing the managerial skills of healthcare practitioners. Moreover, it should also maintain a well-facilitated plant in which the patients are being accommodated.   Given with such instances, it highlights the perception that healthcare organizations are mandated to implement certain administrative methods to meet the mounting complications derived over by societal challenges (Griffith & White, 2006). One of the cited feasible and efficient techniques in achieving managerial success is proper organization of the activities and the developmental plan of the entity.   It is through the alignment of program objectives that the goals are obtained and prevents the rise of problems which deals with conflicts or miscommunication. If the programs are aligned well, then the members of the organization shall have a clear vision on what to expect, and oversee necessary changes so as to improve their performance.   Simple logic basically revolves in the verity of the strategy; common problems arise when the organization has no definite goals which lead to disorientation. Similar to that of business entities, healthcare practitioners must also take the challenge of facing the waves of managerial confrontations. Reference Griffith, J. R., & White, K. R. (2006). The Well-Managed Healthcare Organization (6th ed.). New York: Health Administration Press.

Final Reflection on Community Service Learning Essay

A) The name of the agency was Thomas House Temporary Shelter and its mission is to provide a safe, supportive environment and resources necessary for homeless families with children to remain together while empowering them to become independent and self-sufficient. Their program also includes transitional shelter, case management, counseling, life skills development, employment assistance, resource assistance, children’s program, graduate extension program. At this agency, my role was to help young residents or children to succeed in school. I was to provide tutoring for homework help and any other academic work given by the agency. B) At this agency, it gave me a chance to develop educational relationship with children and to cooperate with other volunteers to successfully aid children with their studying. I never had a chance to teach a child before this community service but after teaching them, I was surprised how much I enjoyed working with them. This volunteering experience definitely improved how I will work with children in the future. C) In terms of putting myself to this community placement, it gave me a perspective on my own life to appreciate what I have and the family support that I received. Lots of children residing at the shelter experience abusive family relationship and poverty, which has a negative affect on their mental health. Just knowing what these children had to go through made me realize that I had it a lot better than they did and it taught me to be more thankful for what I have. Socially, by being part of this Thomas House Shelter agency, I was able to learn to be more approachable and out reaching to people. Emotionally, I was content that I can help out these children to better them. Intellectually, I felt smarter to be able to teach children when I have never taught children before. Lastly, professionally, I was able to remain professional relationship with the coordinator that was in charge of the shelter. D) Honestly, in the beginning of service learning, I had doubts about service learning and was expecting not much from it. However, by volunteering at the Thomas House Shelter agency, I was able to meet my service learning goals. I was able to enhance children’s self-esteem and confidence by complementing on their accomplishments. I was also able provide needed assistance to the children while complying with coordinator’s directions. I also learned about what single parent/mothers go through and what we can do to help them to establish a better family. Overall, the whole experience was meaningful and helpful to meet my service learning plan goals. E) As a result of my placement, I was able to positively influence children on education that it can be challenging. For example, one child that I was teaching was really smart but did not like to show that he was capable of doing hard problems. It seemed like he gets easily distracted and was not interested in showing his abilities to do problems. In order to get him involved with work, I had to encourage him and compliment how good he was at math. Then, he got more involved and he was finally able to tackle some problems that he was not interested before. In my opinion, I was able to encourage children in this community that were not encouraged before. F) In terms of CSL enhancing the understanding of the course material and making abstract concepts real, I really learned a lot about single mother parenting and poverty issues. The majority of the single parents at the shelter were mothers that were taking care of the children. From the text book, it stated that majority of single parent mothers are from minorities and at the Thomas house shelter, it certainly supported the statement. There were mostly African American single parents and Hispanic or Latino single parents residing at the shelter. There was only one White single parent residing at the shelter out of 15 or more families. It is a sad fact but minority women are the ones suffering the most from single parenting issues. G) The most difficult part about volunteering at the shelter is the working hours and number of volunteers working at the shelter. The volunteer starts at 5:00 PM and it would take me around 40 minutes to get to the shelter from school. Distance wise is no t that far but traffic is the cause for a long commute. Another difficulty that I faced is that there are too many volunteers so that I had to compete with the volunteers in order to make connections with the children. If I had a chance to have one on one relationship with a child, I would be able to make better connection in terms of child and a teacher relationship. The most satisfying aspects of my community work are that working with children and seeing them improve their grades in school. Even though these children are going through poverty and hard time, in the end they are the same children as any other children. They love to have fun and goof around and experiencing these children just made me a better person and content about myself. H) For the future CSL students, I high recommend volunteering for children if you never have. This was my first time working with children and it taught me the importance of teaching and family aspect of life. These kids are bright and fun, so if you learn to work with these kids to positively influence their life in a right path, it will give you a surreal feeling of accomplishment by working with them.

How does the Bhagavad-Gita reveal fundamental teachings of Hinduism Essay

How does the Bhagavad-Gita reveal fundamental teachings of Hinduism expressed in lyrical format - Essay Example To be specific, Bhagavad-Gita, which is in the form of sermon from the God (Lord Krishna), tends to reduce confusion and ethical predicament faced by Arjuna (the Pandava prince). When this sermon is generalized to the wider context of the fundamental teachings of Hinduism, one can easily identify that Yoga or selfless action is helpful to attain ‘moksha’ or enlightenment. Thesis statement: The fundamental teachings (theories) of Hinduism (say, yoga, karma/dharma and selfless action to attain the divine) are revealed through Bhagavad-Gita because it deals with the scope of the same in human life (special references to Bhagavad-Gita). The fundamental teachings of Hinduism expressed in lyrical format One can see that the fundamental teachings of Hinduism are expressed in lyrical format. For instance, the sacred texts/works in Hinduism like the Ramayana (the story of Rama’s journey), the Mahabharata (related to the dynastic struggle in ancient India), and the Puranas (related to spiritual and theoretical concepts in Hinduism) are expressed in lyrical format, especially in Sanskrit. So, lyrical format is the foundation of the fundamental teachings of Hinduism because the same deeply influenced the oral tradition of chanting mantras in Hinduism. Within this context, the fundamental teachings of Hinduism expressed in lyrical format include: yoga, karma/dharma and the importance of selfless action in human life to attain the divide power or the Brahman. First of all, yoga or unselfish action without considering the consequence is the most important aspect of the fundamental teachings of Hinduism. A yogi (a person who is ready to discard worldly pleasures) can attain moksha because he or she is ready to shed ego. Karma or the amassed liability of one’s actions in day to day life is another important element of the fundamental teachings of Hinduism. To be specific, karma hinders one from attaining moksha. Within this context, dharma or duty min dedness can help one to escape from the cyclic process of birth, death and rebirth. Another important element of the fundamental teachings of Hinduism is selfless action. One can easily identify that Hinduism provides ample importance to selfless action, not idleness. From a different angle of view, yoga and dharma lead one towards selfless action and salvation. Revelation of the fundamental teachings of Hinduism through Bhagavad-Gita The most important elements of the revelation of the fundamental teachings of Hinduism through Bhagavad-Gita can be divided into three: yoga, karma/dharma and the importance of action. A. Yoga The most important aspect of Bhagavad-Gita which reveals the fundamental teachings of Hinduism is yoga. In Bhagavad-Gita, Lord Krishna motivates prince Arjuna by pointing out the importance of yoga in one’s life. When Arjuna hesitates to be the part of the Kurukshetra war against his relatives, Lord Krishna motivates him by creating awareness on the import ance of action in human life. Selfishness cannot help one to attain moksha. Instead, selfless action can help one to realize the eternal truth/enlightenment. Mehta (2005) makes clear that â€Å"according to Gita, work should be performed for its own sake, with whole-hearted attention, unaffected by any thought of success or failure, profit or loss, honor or dishonor, fame or loss of fame etc† (p.39). Yoga is interconnected with devotional service and action in life. Other elements or steps which can help one to be a yogi are meditation and knowledge. To be specific,

Women, Drugs and Treatment Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Women, Drugs and Treatment Issues - Essay Example Brady & Ashley (2008) state that substance uses by women is connected to traumatic occurrences or stressors including abrupt physical sickness, physical and sexual harassment or abuse, accident, or commotion in family life. Females with substance use disorders are considerably more likely to display recent physical, emotional or sexual abuse. In addition, examination of women who abuse drugs indicates more difficulties linked to sexual and physical abuse and familial hostility oppression compared to their male counterparts. Several studies have revealed that females with depression will more probably smoke cigarettes in addition to being less thriving in smoking termination efforts. In addition, proof indicates that there is a strong correlation between trauma, posttraumatic stress chaos and substance use disorders among women. Jeopardy of substance use disorders in women is also linked with early life stress, especially sexual abuse, which is more common in girls. Moreover, females exposed to aggression in old age also display higher risk for alcohol and drug use. Sexual or corporal misuse of females is a global problem that is frequently committed by a male partner or other male family members. Social aspects that women encounter, especially family setting, also lead to substance use. Different from men with alcohol dependence, females with alcohol dependence are more probable to have examples in their nuclear families or partners who are also alcohol-dependent. In addition, a survey in adolescent smokers showed that most females smoked in order to control their weight and would stop smoking to gain weight.

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example The person wanted to know if the problem seen from the perspective of the employee and their particular obligation to the larger organizational community. I was asked to explain the many issues linked to CSR. A second question raised was related to the commitment to CSR, and whether CSR is designed to help an organization to make a profit, whether it is truly concerned with the company’s degree of social commitment. Organizations are set up and designed in order to be profitable. In order to focus upon this they must of necessity publicize themselves in markets both local and worldwide. They can do this by undertaking various organizations undertake various procedures. Another reason why companies need to promote themselves is the competitive element. There will always be other companies who are trying to get the edge over them. CSR is a positive response to such pressures and will be accepted in a positive way. A number of research studies have revealed the positive propertie s of CSR and its good effects upon employees (Ali and Ali, 2011; Gross and Holland, 2011; Brammer, Millington and Rayton, 2007) and upon the wider community (Tang and Tang, 2007; Mohr, Webb and Harris, 2001; Moir, 2001).

Brand Companies Sales and Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brand Companies Sales and Business Law - Essay Example For companies to adapt and adjust their own brand messages, when consumers share the information produced, brand managers need to devise new strategies meant to rectify any dissatisfaction. Moreover, consumers expect brands to be honest and be transparent in their communications. When discovered, the misleading brands will be punished by consumers. As much as a product might meet the federal standards, some consumers may sue the company citing allergic reactions or other negative effects because of the misleading labeling. In case the particular consumer suing is able to prove the negative effect arising from the misleading labeling, the company will end up using a lot of money, if they decide to settle out of court to avoid further bad publicity.   The court decision is bad for the company as obviously, there is the bad publicity and it might lead to a decrease in sales for a certain product or even in all their products, as consumers will question their honesty in all their produ cts, regardless of meeting the federal standards (Herbst, Kenneth, Hannah & Allan 297). Brand equity is one of the most valuable assets a company possesses. One popular strategy that companies use to build and leverage equity is using brand extensions that launch new products with the original brand names, in this case Coca Cola. Successful extensions can provide benefits, such as reducing cost of introduction, gaining distribution and customer trial and minimizing the risk of new product failures.

ResumeCV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ResumeCV - Essay Example and ongoing monitoring to ensure compliance with the Bureau of Licensing, NJ State Department of Health and Human Services, the Division of Youth and Family Services (DYFS) and other relevant regulatory entities. Development and delivery of services to children, youth and families across an array of human service and education domains that have expanded incrementally to include infant and toddler care, preschool Abbott District Services, transitional housing for women referred by the Mercer County Board of Social Services and independent living and transitional housing for male youth between the ages of 14 - 18 years of age. Design and implementation of state approved curriculums for TEDCO childcare facilities and the development and facilitation of certification programming to license agency staff to meet state requirements. Responsible for family and individual assessments, case planning, court reporting and advocacy, on going case management, provision of service referrals, ensuring of linkages and fostering retention outcomes.

Seeing Beyond the Bright Side of Outsourcing Essay

Seeing Beyond the Bright Side of Outsourcing - Essay Example At present, outsourcing has become a very popular source of competitive advantage. By paying other companies to run IT and other support divisions, many U.S. companies are cutting staffs, costs, and increasing efficiency. The immediate benefits can be great, allowing smaller companies to gain cheaper access to expensive technologies and allowing large firms to expand there IT usage without risk of obsolescence. As with any potentially rewarding activity, there are risks involved. Companies need to weigh the risks, rewards, and costs involved before making a decision to outsource. The more vital the task, the more care should be taken with this decision (Kakumanu and Portanova, September 2006). But, first what is outsourcing According to Webster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary (2003), outsourcing is an increasingly popular process where a company contracts with another company to manage services that it needs but that it doesn't want to provide itself. Typically, outsourced services are non-core activities such as janitorial services, information technology, and food catering for the employee cafeteria. Sometimes companies outsource manufacturing and focus on sales and marketing. As such, outsourcing became popular because it allowed companies to reduce short-term costs. On the other hand, Laabs (1993) and Spee (1994), defined outsourcing as something that involves a long-term contractual relationship for business services from an external provider. These relationships are increasingly popular in a wide variety of business activities. Firms widely outsource in areas once strictly considered internal domains, such as human resources. Although most people think that outsourcing is a new innovation, outsourcing is already an older practice than some people realize. In colonial days, American businesses outsourced the production of covered-wagon covers and clipper ships' sails to workers in Scotland. The raw material for these products was imported from India. A couple of hundred years later, in the 1970s, computer companies began to outsource their payroll applications to outside service providers. However, most of these jobs were outsourced to companies in other states rather than overseas. It was in the late 1980s that the practice of outsourcing began to boom. During this time the field of information technology (IT) was growing rapidly, and the demand for IT workers who could develop hardware and software exploded. As the Internet and telecommunications fields developed, companies created thousands of high-paying jobs to attract talented IT employees to work for them. As the U.S. economy faltered, however, comp anies had to cut their IT budgets and began to seek a less expensive labor force outside of the United States (Dunbar, 2006). Moreover, according to Dunbar (2006), India, with its large population of English speakers and trained workers, transformed to become one of the first countries to benefit from the outsourcing trend. Americans companies began outsourcing some of their low-end IT jobs to India in the early 1990s and have gradually outsourced a wide variety of work, including call center servicing, medical transcription, tax return preparation, research and development, and medical data analysis. Cities like Bangalore have become well known for their skylines dotted with call center buildings that seem to have cropped up overnight. Providing customer