Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Computer systems Essay Example For Students
Computer systems Essay CONTENTS1Introduction.22Specification of new Computers by category.32.1Designers32.2Sales Support and Accounts52.3Sales Manager52.4Production Technicians52.5Production Manager52.6Site Director52.7Directors PA52.8ICT Engineer52.9Salespeople73Ancillary Equipment93.1Printers94Network Requirements104.1Server Specification104.2Communications Equipment115Training Requirements126Network Resources Plan127Supplier Evaluation and Selection127.1Reputation127.2Quality components137.3Warranty137.4After sales service138APPENDIX A141 Introduction. ? This report is to identify the various network components that will be implemented and in which configuration. It will also identify the specification of each computer for each section of the company and what peripherals will be used. ? The various parts of your organisation that require I.T. support and training are also highlighted in this report. ? It will also focus on which steps should be taken to choose the correct supplier and how the introduction of the new network should be implemented. 2 Specification of new Computers by category. 2.1 DesignersProcessor? Intel Xeon processor running at 2GHz ? Intel 860 Chipset with 400MHz system busMemory? 1GB dual-channel PC800 ECC Rambus RDRAM memoryI/O Ports? Two 9-pin serial connectors; 16550-compatible? 25-pin parallel connector (bi-directional)? 6-pin mini-DIN keyboard connector? 6-pin mini-DIN mouse connector? RJ45 NIC connector? Four USB-compliant 4-pin connectors (two front and two rear)I/O Slots? One 4X AGP Pro110? 3 32bit 33MHz PCI slots? 2 64bit 66MHz PCI slots? 2 IEEE 1394 portsStorage? 36GB high performance (Ultra160) SCSI (10,000RPM) hard drive? 16x/8x40x CDRW DriveGraphics Card? Professional Graphics Card:? 3DLabs Wildcat TM II 5110 (128MB SDRAM)Monitor? 21 (19.8 viewable) TFT Ultrascan MonitorCommunications? Integrated Network Interface 3Com Fast EtherLink XL 10/100 PCI with Wakeup on LANInput Devices? Enhanced Performance USB keyboard with 7 programmable hotkeys? Microsoft 2-button USB Intellimouse (wheelmouse)Ad ditional Input? CalComp CADPRO Graphic Tablet? The specification of this machine has been chosen with high performance in mind. Because of the intensive 3D modelling that the designers would be producing, a fast Processor and specialist Graphics Card were fitted. ? The hard drive used has also been chosen for high capacity and spin speed for fast retrieval of large files. ? A large flat panel monitor was also specified for increased viewing which is essential for this type of work and for space saving. ? When choosing the memory I decided for a 1GB PC800 ECC Rambus RDRAM memory module this leaves two RIMM slots free for later expansion. This type of memory has a high bandwidth and runs at the same speed as the 400MHz system bus. ? The Graphic Tablet was chosen because of the increased interface it achieves with CAD programs. For details of information sources see Appendix A 2.2 Sales Support and Accounts2.3 Sales Manager 2.4 Production Technicians2.5 Production Manager2.6 Site Director2.7 Directors PA2.8 ICT EngineerALL THE ABOVE PEOPLE WILL HAVE THE SAME SPECIFICATION MACHINES AS BELOW. Dell OPTIPLEX GX110 Mini Tower Processor? Intel Pentium III processor with Intel 810E chipset running at 1GHz? Front side bus: 133MHzMemory? 256MB 133MHz SDRAM memoryStorage? Enhanced IDE S.M.A.R.T. 20GB ATA 100 5400 RPM hard drive? 16x/8x/40x CDRW DriveI/O Ports? 2 USB ports? 2 serial ports? 1 parallel port? RJ-45 network port? 2 PS/2 ports (keyboard and mouse)Graphics Card? Mainstream Graphics Card:? Nvidea Geforce 2 MX200 (32MB SDRAM)Monitor? 17 Flat Panel (17.0 viewable) Analog and Digital capableCommunications? 3Com Fast EtherLink XL 10/100 PCI with Wakeup on LAN? This Specification has been chosen for Functionality in everyday use. ? The processor chosen is one that is capable for running everyday applications and achieves a good performance for the price. ? The amount of memory used is more than enough to run multiple applications ? The hard drive is of standard specification and has a good capacity for the price. .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab , .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab .postImageUrl , .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab , .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab:hover , .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab:visited , .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab:active { border:0!important; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab:active , .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2823b8d16395c9732346c250302513ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How to Write a Textual Analysis Essay? The Graphics card is a powerful card and will easily run any applications used, it has been chosen because it offers good performance for the price. ? The monitor has been chosen for space saving. For details of information sources see Appendix A 2.9 SalespeopleDell INSPIRON 4100 Mobile Laptop ComputersProcessor? Intel Mobile Pentium III processor-M with Intel SpeedStep technology running at 866MHz ? 133 MHz external BUS frequencyMemory? 256MB 133MHz SDRAM memory? Upgradeable to 1 GB maximumI/0 Ports? 9-pin serial connector? 25-hole pin parallel connector? Infrared communications port (IrDA-1.1 compliant)? Audio jacks? 15-pin monitor connector? Docking connector? 6-pin PS/2-style keyboard, mouse or keypad? USB (Universal Serial Bus) 4-pin connector? S-Video for TV out? 3-pin AC adapter? Kensington Lock Socket? RJ11 and RJ45 connectorPower? 8-cell Intelligent Lithium Ion battery? 53 W/hr? AC
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Valentines Day White Day in South Korea free essay sample
Valentineââ¬â¢s Day is an international celebration of love, no matter where it is or what it is called in the world. People either love it or hate it. Itââ¬â¢s a day of getting and giving chocolate and cards, someone being sad and bitter because they are single, or people buying the discounted chocolate after itââ¬â¢s over.On Valentineââ¬â¢s Day in the U.S. people will normally celebrate it by showing appreciation for the people they love or adore. People may go out for a romantic dinner while some may propose or get married. Most people give out greeting cards, chocolate, flowers, or jewelry to their partners or admirers. Valentineââ¬â¢s Day is also a day to appreciate friends, in other cultures. In Finland, Valentineââ¬â¢s Day refers to ââ¬Å"Friendââ¬â¢s Dayâ⬠which is more about remembering and appreciating your friends rather than the main focus being romance. We will write a custom essay sample on Valentines Day White Day in South Korea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Valentineââ¬â¢s Dayââ¬â¢s origin is mostly unclear, but there are theories. It is believed that it stems from the story of St. Valentine, a roman bishop who was martyred around February 14th in 269 CE for secretly marrying couples when it was illegal. It is unknown as to how he became the patron saint of lovers, but there is a theory that the church used the day of his martyrdom to Christianize the old Roman Lupercalia, a pagan festival held around the middle of February.In Korea, the 14th of each month is a love related day. On Valentineââ¬â¢s Day in South Korea, women give men chocolate on Valentineââ¬â¢s Day, and men give women non-chocolate candy on March 14th (White Day). On April 14th (Black Day), those who didnââ¬â¢t receive chocolate or candy may to go a restaurant to eat black noodles and mark their ââ¬Å"single lifeâ⬠. Koreans also celebrate Pepero Day and young couples give each other Pepero cookies.Sources:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day
Wednesday, November 27, 2019
20 Cause and Effect Essay Topics How to Write about the Pork in the Middle East
20 Cause and Effect Essay Topics How to Write about the Pork in the Middle East Writing a cause and effect essay is a great opportunity to explore both causes and effects of specific things in the world. When writing about pork in the Middle East, it is particularly interesting to explore what caused people historically to avoid eating pork and what causes people today in modern societies to avoid it too. Equally interesting is exploring the impact that abstaining from pork has had on many societies, particularly in terms of their economy and their health care systems. There are many different beliefs pertaining to pork in the Middle East due to the fact that there are so many religions in the same geographic region. What these religions all seem to have in common, however, is the fact that they tend to avoid pork and pork product. In some countries visitors cannot find pork on the menu or in stores while in other countries the other believers will abstain from pork but still sell it to tourists. à There are historical reasons why people change from the consum ption of pork to the consumption of chickens but the taboo of pork consumption can be traced back to the explosion of certain religions in the Middle East. In any case, below are 20 topics you might use: The Economic Impact of Pork Avoidance: How Pigs are no Longer Farmed The Impact Religious Rules Have on Farming Practices: Why There Are No Pig Farms in the Middle East The Impact Religious Rules has on Sales: Why Buying Pork in Muslim Countries is Prohibited International Relations: Why Tourists Can Buy Pork in Israeli Cities Health Benefits Associated with Abstaining from Pork The Origins of the Taboo against Eating Pork Jewish Origins against Pork Consumption Muslim Origins against Pork Consumption Nomadic Tribes and Their Turn against Pork: Why Traveling with Chickens Is Easier Religionââ¬â¢s Influence on Dietary Consumptions: How Faith Dictates Eating Habits Tracing the Religious Impact on Food: Pork in the Middle East The Effects of Eating Tainted Pork The Causes of Trichinosis The Effects of Dietary Changes in Religion The Effects of Modern Exchanges on Religious Beliefs: How Travel can Influence Change Historic Causes behind Pork Consumption in the Middle East How New Animals Caused Pork Consumption to Drop in the Middle East The Effects of Chicken Protein versus Pork Protein: Understanding Pork in the Middle East The Effects of Religious Restrictions on Travel: Why People Avoid the Middle East The Effects of Religious Texts on Modern Habits: Avoiding Pork in the Middle East Below you can see an example cause and effect essay on one of the topics from that list, giving you a better idea of what your paperà writing should look like in terms of structure. Cause and Effect Essay Sample: The Origins of the Taboo against Eating Pork Today in the Middle East you will find many things on the menu but pork is not likely to be one of them. Both Judaism and Islam restrict pork consumption and the consumption of any pork products. It is for this reason that finding pork related items on your menu will be quite difficult. à For both Judaism and Islam the origins related to the taboo of pork consumption can be traced to the respective holy books used by both religions. à Most interestingly enough is that both of these religions, though considered enemies with conflicting beliefs, have religious laws which explicitly say not to touch dead pigs and not to eat pig meat. For Muslims, the abstinence from pork relates back to the Quran. à In Chapter 2 of the Quran the Muslim God prohibits the consumption of pork. The Quran is the holy book referred to when searching for guidance on behavior. à The guidance pertaining to what foods can and cannot be consumed states that individuals should not touch the dead meat or blood of pigs nor should they consume the flesh of pigs. à Also in the Quran has verses which describe pig as unclean and impure. The description of something as unclean or impure brings with it the implicit understanding that it should not be consumed or touched. It is expressly stated that the consumption of pig in any form is forbidden. Only in life-or-death situation is this allowed. The Jewish faith refers to the Torah as their holy book. In this book the Jewish god dictates what foods are forbidden to eat. à Foods which are not kosher cannot be consumed by Believers. Kosher foods are defined by foods which have been prepared based upon Jewish practice and blessed by a Jewish leader. It is in the book of Deuteronomy in chapter 14 that the Jewish god specifically states that pigs are unclean and that all the world should not touch the dead body of a pig nor should they eat the flesh of the pig. à This taboo on the consumption of pork remains a popular religious belief today, wherein dietary restrictions remain in place with regard to pork and pork products. What is perhaps most interesting about the taboo, though quite old in its origins, is something which today remains quite relevant. Pork today is something which is considered dirty because of the things a pig might eat (garbage, dead or decaying remains) and the rolling in the mud pigs quite often do. In both situations the pig is open to harmful bacteria which can cause serious damage to a human if consumed. The most dangerous aspect to this is that even if the pork is prepared properly, it can still bring be a host of health problems. The most serious of these is trichinosis, wherein worms get inside the pig and then transfer to those who eat the pig. It is for this reason that people of both faiths will continue to support the avoidance of pork entirely, as abstinence from the pork is the only way to really avoid such health concerns not associated with other animals or their consumption. References: Edwards, Brian T.à After The American Century. Print. Gregg, Gary S.à The Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print. Khan, Muhammad Moinuddin.à Business And Trade In Islam. New Delhi: Pentagon Press, 2009. Print. Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris.à What Every Christian Should Know About Islam. New York: Kube Pub., 2009. Print. Rizvi, Sayyid Saeed Akhtar and Tanzim Raza Qureshi.à Divine Command And Pork. New Delhi, India: Islamic Wonders Bureau, 2007. Print. Rubin, Barry M.à The Middle East. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2011. Print. Stauth, Georg and Sami Zubaida.à Mass Culture, Popular Culture, And Social Life In The Middle East. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, 1987. Print.
Sunday, November 24, 2019
Winterbourne View Hospital Essays
Winterbourne View Hospital Essays Winterbourne View Hospital Essay Winterbourne View Hospital Essay Identify two reports on serious failures to protect individuals from abuse. Write an account that describes the unsafe practices in the reviews. Below are 2 different accounts of abuse within hospitals and care homes. I will explain the alleged abuse against residents in their care. In the 1st Account I sourced the information from the following website: bbc. co. uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14181646 The 2nd Account I sourced the information from the following website: irminghammail. co. uk/news/local-news/west-midlands-police-probe-footage-5325705 / Account 1: On the 18th July 2011 a health watchdog had reported a `systemic failure to protect people ââ¬Ëat a hospital where alleged abuse was secretly filmed by the BBC. BBC Panorama secretly filmed patients that were being pinned down, slapped and taunted by the some staff members. Mr Terry Bryan contacted the BBC after his concerns he raised were not followed up by the home`s management or the Care Quality Commission (CQC).The CQC were ordered to review the Winterbourne View Hospital after the Panorama Programme. The report on Winterbourne View had found that the owners Castlebeck Care had indeed failed to protect its resident that was living at the home. They found that they were not adequately protected from harm including the risks of unsafe practices by its own staff. The owners had failed in its legal duty to notify the CQC regarding the serious incidents which included injuries to patients or on occasions when they had gone missing.Panorama filmed for five weeks and during that time they filmed some of the hospitals most vulnerable patients being repeatedly pinned down, slapped, dragged into the showers whilst being fully clothed, they were taunted and teased. An ex employee of Castlebeck Care, a senior nurse reported his concerns to his managers. When his reports were ignored by his managers he then contacted the CQC three times, Even using the word `Abuse` they too ignored his concerns. Winterbourne closed down in June 2011.There were 11 staff members convicted of assault at the Winterbourne View Hospital. In the final report it looked at how the abuse had taken place, it had discovered that the social workers and other professionals failed to challenge the quality of care, lack of response to serious incidents, which included assaults on patients. It was seen that lack of practice and procedures was a major fault in the professionals involved, as they should have seen what was happening to the patients. Account 2:On the 10th July 2012 a former employee of Selbourne Care Home recorded an alleged attack on a resident in the care home. She recorded a further two more alleged attacks on residents. The first recording showed a resident sitting on the sofa at the care home and the carer trying to wake him by seeming to slap his stomach and pull on his ears and nose. He is also caught shaking, shouting at the resident and also clicking his fingers in his face. The second and third recording shows a very distressed female resident standing behind a table between two care staff.Miss Lee had told the management several times about the alleged abuse, she had also tried to work in accordance with the home to raise their standards. She decided to contact the external bodies as the care home failed to listen to her allegations. Miss Lee claims she contacted the CQC regarding the alleged abuse but there was no action taken by them. She also showed the recording to the Birmingham`s Social Services, But the county council can find no record of it.Selbourne Care Home also claims they had not received any complaints about the treatment of any residents by Miss Lee. The CQC confirmed they had received an anonymous report about Selborne Care Home. They referred the matter to Birmingham City Council and they became the lead authority for investigating safeguarding matters. The CQC has been monitoring the home closely and has been in regular contact wit h the council. The care home immediately reported the allegations to the police and Birmingham Social Services and this then initiated the Authority`s Safeguarding procedure.The care home started its own investigations regarding the actions of their staff involved. The Male carer that was recorded in the first film has since left his employment with the care home in September 2012. Regarding the other two members of staff one of them has been suspended from duty pending further investigation and the other is currently on maternity leave. Selborne Care home is subject to the on-going monitoring of its compliance with the national standards of quality and safety, which also includes nannounced inspections of the home. CQC has inspected the home on four separate occasions. On conclusion to the above reports I have discovered that both hospital and care home management played a part in the alleged abuse as they did listen to their staff when they reported their findings. I also felt tha t the CQC had played a part as they had failed to act on information quickly, and I believe that had they acted sooner then maybe some of the alleged abuse if not all of the alleged abuse would not have happen.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Architectural design of Taj Mahal from scratch to the completion of Research Paper
Architectural design of Taj Mahal from scratch to the completion of the structure - Research Paper Example It is through studying that I will be able to reach my dreams and as a result I endeavour to finish my degree program by 2014. By the time of my graduation, I am expecting to have acquired sufficient knowledge and skills which would form a basis for the practical experience and future practice in architecture. My further achievement in education will be made possible through the Msc that I plan to pursue in The University of Sharjah, UAE. The masters program will give me more in depth knowledge and skills and thus sufficient qualification for a professional architectural practice. After the masters program, I plan to work at Sharjah for one year so that I would gain an experience in architecture to prepare for my active working career. Since Sharjah is composed of experts in architecture, I will be able to acquire consultative learning and working experience in addition to getting mentorship in architecture. After the Sharjah experience, I plan to travel back to Nigeria where I will work in my uncleââ¬â¢s firm as an architect. The working experience in Nigeria will mark the beginning of the development of my architectural career. I plan to apply my knowledge in architecture and use the best of my abilities so that I will develop myself into a famous architect within Nigeria and beyond. Most importantly I am focused, motivated and determined to follow my dream and plan until I reach the peak of my career. Introduction The Taj Mahal is a perplexing architectural creation which made me to appreciate architecture and thus aroused my interest and motivation in becoming an architect. The mausoleum which was designed by Emperor Shah Jahan and the complexities involved in the whole process of building this amazing structure is the focus of my research. Therefore, this... This research will begin with the description of the Construction of the Taj Mahal. The construction of Taj Mahal was orchestrated by its chief architect Shah Jahan. According to Beddow, the imagination and creativity that Shah Jahan put into the architecture of the mausoleum has made it to be categorized as the most monumental structure for all time. Through the design of the building, Jahan was enabled to create the purest tomb for his dead wife. Ahmed points out that the building of Taj Mahal was initiated by Shah Jahan who recruited the very best builders and craftsmen within the empire. Additionally, the mausoleum was built using the best and finest of the building material. The emperor who was the mastermind of Taj Mahal building ensured that precious marble stone was used in the construction of the building. These stones had not been used in any construction before and the builders who acted as agents of the emperorââ¬â¢s designs did their best to make the building the most unique and wonderful structure ever built in India and beyond. According to Hand the architecture of the Taj Mahal as designed by Shah Jahan was highly regarded within his empire and has received international recognition over the years. The Islamic society considered architectural expression as the most attributable quality of a ruler. Through his architectural work, it can be argued that Jahan expressed his status as the ruler of the empire because his abilities in designing the building were extraordinary and unique.
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Paper on CATHER, DEATH COMES FOR THE ARCHIBISHOP Essay
Paper on CATHER, DEATH COMES FOR THE ARCHIBISHOP - Essay Example Throughout the book, the question being addressed is that of different identities and cultures that come across each other and are compelled to live with each other. There is the religious identity of the natives, the Mexicans, and the conventional Christian identity that stand face to face demanding mutual correlation and redefinition. Also, there is the conflict between being a Mexican under the French rule and an being an American. This is reflected in the words of the Mexican youth in the novel (Cather, 19). The boy says, ââ¬Å" they say at Albuquerque that now we are all Americansâ⬠¦.I will never be an American. They are infidels.â⬠The author uses the image of goats as a metaphor to show the flexible and humanitarian mindset of bishop Latour (Cather, 26). When the bishop sees a fleet of goats passing by, he thinks, ââ¬Å"the goat had always been the symbol of pagan lewdnessâ⬠¦(but)â⬠¦their fleece had warmed many a good Christian, and their rich milk nourished sickly childrenâ⬠(Cather, 26). The logical and practical soundness of his mind when it comes to other belief systems is reflected in this statement. In his letter to his brother, bishop expresses his feeling that ââ¬Å"church can do more than the Fort to make these poor Mexicans ââ¬Ëgood Americansââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Cather, 33). The situation the bishop had to face was not as simple as he had stated in the above sentence. The human resource he had to work with was the cowboys who drank and also got the natives drunk and created an atmosphere of chaos, with lots of rifle shots banging here and there (Cather, 43). It was with these kind of p eople that he had to build his new apostolate. The ideology of ââ¬Ëmanifest destinyââ¬â¢ was in its formative years, and the hero of this novel had a role to play in order to enhance this concept. Cather has given bishop Latour, a character in which he personifies the rich congruence of European culture which was flexible enough to accept new environments. And there was this church
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Health risk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Health risk - Assignment Example Mrs. J is even at a higher risk because she smokes two packs a day. Therefore, nurse should insist on the need to stop smoking and create a similar interest in Mrs. J. The following action plans will help Mrs. J to stop smoking. She needs to choose an approach to utilize in order to stop smoking. The nurse will provide a number of approaches that may be used to stop smoking. Mrs. J will then choose one or more approach that she feels is best for her. Cold turkey approach involves client abruptly ceasing from the addictive level of smoking. Tapering approach involves the smoker reducing the number of cigarettes smoked. For Mrs. J, she can reduce to one pack then progressively reduce the number each day down until to none. Postponing approach is where the individual postpones the starting time of smoking each day minimizing the cumulative smoking hours until the individual stops. Joining of a smoking cessation program where she can meet like-minded people who can encourage one another stop smoking. Use of pharmacological aids such as nicotine patches and gum has shown also to be handy (Miller, 2009). After choosing the approach, the date of starting to implement is set. She should strive to avoid tempting situations or any activities that can influence he into smoking. For instance, either she can keep herself busy with sportive activities or if she smokes while driving in her car, she can use the public transport system to minimize such temptations. Limiting herself to social situations that prohibit smoking. At her workplace, she should maintain a clean, fresh and nonsmoking environment. This lowers risk of thinking to smoke. Keep the oral substitutes available such as sugarless gum, apples and carrots in order to avoid craving for a cigarette. She can be advised on change of friends because most of them smoke. Interacting with them will easily make her smoke (Miller, 2009). Seeking social support has a great effect on
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